The 'precautionary principle' as a guide for future drug development

The Future of Bitcoin as a Tool for Financial Development

The purpose of research is focused on the insight into the future of Bitcoin on the financial situation, its implications and challenges. The problem of study is to investigate how to deal with a new type of digital currencies (such Bitcoin) that does not have a physical presence and there is no specific body to issue. Thus, this study aims to identify the nature of Bitcoin currency and what ar...

A Bayesian Framework for the Precautionary Principle⇤

A common misconception is that precautionary motives in public policy cannot be justified within the Bayesian rational-choice framework, and that decision criteria that appeal to ambiguity and pessimism are needed. This paper critically evaluates these claims, arguing that a rational policy process must be Bayesian in order to avoid paradoxical, even absurd, recommendations, such as policies th...

Implementing the precautionary principle.

The precautionary principle can be found in international treaties that protect human health and the environment from a variety of pollutants and perturbations. One of the earliest forms of the precautionary principle was used in the 1980s in Europe to protect the North Sea. In 1992, the Rio Declaration specifically included the precautionary principle in calling on nations to protect the envir...

Expanding the precautionary principle.

The Precautionary Principle Revisited:

The precautionary principle was included in 1992 in the Rio Declaration on Environmental and Development and is a part of important international agreements and documents, for example, the Convention on Biological Diversity. Yet the interpretation of this principle is not straightforward as a guide for environmental policy – a variety of interpretations are possible. This paper identifies and e...